News reports cast most scientific findings as a quest that leads to discovery, report researchers.
According to their report, news stories are likely to note the process that led to the scientific finding, likely to include words such as discovery, breakthrough, and advance, and likely to mention unanswered questions or next steps. But news stories were unlikely to feature a key element in the path to scientific knowledge: false starts or dead ends.
These observations come from the first report of the Science Media Monitor, a project of the University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center’s Science of Science Communication program.
The report asks: How well does the news cover the process of scientific discovery? The overall Science Media Monitor analyzes the news coverage of widely reported scientific findings in order to increase the public’s understanding of the scientific process.
The report examines how four major media organizations reported on 165 scholarly studies from April 2015 through December 2017. The outlets—the New York Times, USA Today, the Wall Street Journal, and the Washington Post—published a total of 281 stories on those studies.
The content analysis found that:
- 46 percent of the articles characterized the scientific findings as a discovery;
- 49 percent mentioned an ongoing inquiry or next steps;
- 4 percent noted dead ends or false starts;
- And 74 percent described the process through which scientists arrived at the reported finding.
“Because media shape our perceptions, the scientific community needs to understand the storylines characterizing news accounts both about consequential research and about the scientific community’s responses to concerns about such matters as failures to replicate consequential findings and the rise in the rate of retractions,” says Kathleen Hall Jamieson, director of the project and director of the Annenberg Public Policy Center.
Future reports of the Science Media Monitor will spotlight reporting on scientific retractions and on controversial science, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tool.
“[D]efective narratives can enhance the capacity of partisans to discredit areas of science—including genetic engineering, vaccination, and climate change—containing findings that are ideologically uncongenial to them,” Jamieson writes in an article in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences introducing the original content analysis of the discovery, retraction, and crisis narratives in science news.
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“In contrast, accurate narratives can increase public understanding not only of the nature of the discovery process, but also of the inevitability of false starts and occasional fraud.
“And by responsibly publicizing both breaches of integrity and attempts to forestall them, news can perform its accountability function without undermining public trust in the most reliable form of knowledge generation humans have devised.”
The Rita Allen Foundation supports the Science Media Monitor. The first report came out this past weekend at the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication annual conference in Washington, DC.
Source: Penn
