When rural hospitals close, nearby hospitals see increased emergency department visits and admissions as a result, research finds.
Since 2005, more than 180 rural hospitals in the United States have closed and nearly 1,000 more are at risk of doing so.
“Previous studies have shown that rural hospital closures can have negative health consequences for the communities they serve,” says Daniel George, associate professor of humanities and public health sciences at Penn State College of Medicine. George and colleagues report their findings on how these rural hospital closures affect “bystander hospitals,” or those within a 30-mile radius of the closed facility.
“To our knowledge, we’re the first group to explore this question,” George says. “We predicted that closures would, over time, lead to increased strain on bystander institutions.”
The team studied closure information from a University of North Carolina Sheps Center for Health Services Research database. The researchers studied rural hospitals that had a more than 25-bed capacity and that closed between 2005 and 2016. They analyzed the average rate-of-change for inpatient admissions and emergency department visits at bystander hospitals two years before and two years after each nearby closure.
Overall, they identified 53 closures and 93 bystander hospitals that met the criteria. Of the closure, 66% were from the southern US, while 21% were from the Appalachian region. Average emergency department visits increased by 3.59% two years prior to a hospital’s closure, while two years following the closure, average visits increased by 10.22%. Average admissions fell by 5.73% at bystander hospitals two years before closure but increased by 1.17% in the two years following a closure. The results appear in the Journal of Hospital Medicine.
“This research confirmed a problem for the health care field that many already suspected,” George says. “The question now becomes how researchers and policymakers can develop solutions to help bystander hospitals handle increased volume.”
Because rural communities already have limited access to health care, coauthor Jennifer Kraschnewski, director of Penn State Clinical and Translational Science Institute, says it’s important to continue evaluating how these rural hospital closures affect the health of rural communities.
“We know rural areas, especially regions like Appalachia, are at increased risk for diseases of despair including alcoholism, accidental poisonings, and suicide,” Kraschnewski says. “Increased burden at bystander hospitals and health care institutions may cause these problems to proliferate if other public health interventions aren’t identified and implemented.”
The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) supported this research through the Penn State Clinical and Translational Science Institute. The content is solely the views of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the NIH. The researchers declare no conflicts of interest.
Source: Penn State
