Using coercion to get your kid to eat healthy foods doesn’t really have effect, good or bad, on their weight. But it can cause meal-time tension and damage the parent-child relationship, a new study suggests.
Researchers set out to answer several questions: Should parents pressure kids to eat, and what are the consequences for kids’ weight and picky eating? Will the child learn to eat everything, resulting in obesity, or will learning to eat veggies and other healthy foods help avoid weight gain?
“In a nutshell, we found that over a year of life in toddlerhood, weight remained stable on the growth chart whether they were picky eaters or not.”
Both scenarios make sense, but the findings show that neither happens, says Julie Lumeng, a professor of nutritional sciences at the University of Michigan School of Public Health and professor of pediatrics and communicable diseases at the University of Michigan Medical School.
“In a nutshell, we found that over a year of life in toddlerhood, weight remained stable on the growth chart whether they were picky eaters or not,” Lumeng says. “The kids’ picky eating also was not very changeable. It stayed the same whether parents pressured their picky eaters or not.
“Then we asked if pressuring led to a decrease in picky eating, and it didn’t. There was no link between pressuring and picky eating and any of these other outcomes.”
Lumeng recalls an anecdote from her own childhood.
“One night at dinner, my mom served both of my sisters peas, but she served me carrots. She said to me, with such loving kindness, ‘I’m serving you carrots because you don’t like peas.’ I felt very loved and respected, and I will always remember that she said that.”
Nowadays, appetite researchers prefer the terms choosy or selective over the loaded term picky. We don’t call selective adults picky, Lumeng says, but we hold kids to a different standard even though taste is at least somewhat hardwired and beyond our control to change at any age.
“The takeaway here is that pressuring children to eat needs to be done with caution and we don’t have much evidence that it helps with much,” Lumeng says. “As a parent, if you pressure, you need to make sure you’re doing it in a way that’s good for the relationship with your child.”
The new findings, which appear in the journal Appetite, are similar to the conclusions of previous studies, Lumeng says.
“There are some things that researchers and the public just really want to be true, and when researchers do studies and they don’t find them to be true, sometimes researchers just keep researching the topic hoping to find some evidence that it’s true,” Lumeng says. “Half the value of this paper is the findings, but the other half is seeing how our findings compare to other studies.”
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So, is picky eating important? Yes, Lumeng says, but only in the sense that it’s unsettling and frustrating for parents, and inconvenient. It’s rarely a health issue that’s associated with nutrient deficiencies and poor growth.
In the end, it’s just not a serious behavior flaw that parents should expend lots of energy to eliminate, she says.
“Dealing with picky eating falls into the category of how can you do little things that might make meals better for everyone, but not squelch something that may be part of your child’s personality,” she says.
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The study has several limitations, Lumeng says: There was high attrition in the study population, and results might not be generalizable to other populations outside low-income toddlers. There’s debate on how to best measure picky eating and the study measures included a variety reflecting reluctance to eat both new foods and familiar foods.
Source: University of Michigan
