In the wake of a mass shooting, National Rifle Association employees, donors, and volunteers have extremely mixed emotions about the organization, a new study shows.
The findings show that people with some kind of affiliation report higher levels of both positive and negative feelings about the National Rifle Association (NRA), as compared to people with no affiliation.
“We wanted to see what effect ‘in-group’ affiliation and political identity had on how people responded to the NRA’s actions after a mass shooting,” says study coauthor Yang Cheng, assistant professor of communication at North Carolina State University. “The political findings were predictable—Republicans thought more favorably of the NRA than Democrats did. But the in-group affiliation was a lot more complex than we anticipated.
“The people most critical of the NRA were the people most closely affiliated with it—but those were also the people most hopeful about the organization.”
Surprise feelings from NRA members
For the study, published in the International Journal of Business Communication, researchers conducted an online survey of 603 US adults. Given the nature of the study, it’s important to understand the make-up of the study participants.
Approximately 63% of the participants, or 378 people, were neither affiliated with the NRA nor supportive of it. The study also included 56 NRA employees, which made up 9% of the participants; 51 NRA members (8.5%); three NRA donors (0.5%); seven NRA volunteers (1.2%); and 108 people (17.9%) who were not NRA members, but who supported the organization.
In terms of political affiliation, there were 274 Democrats (45.4%); 199 Republicans (33%); and 130 people who did not identify as Republicans or Democrats (21.6%).
The researchers conducted the survey in the wake of the 2018 shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. They designed the survey questions to capture how study participants felt about the NRA’s response to the Parkland shooting.
Broadly speaking, the findings were consistent with what one would expect. For example, people who said they support the NRA had more positive feelings about the NRA’s actions than people who said they did not support the NRA.
But there were some surprises.
For example, it’s not surprising that NRA employees and donors reported having the most positive feelings towards the NRA’s actions, such as hope. NRA volunteers were a close second. But it is surprising that NRA employees, donors, and volunteers also reported the highest negative emotions toward the NRA’s actions after the Parkland shooting. Negative emotions, in this context, include fear, anger, and disgust.
Crisis communication
NRA donors and employees also reported the highest levels of “conflict judgment,” meaning they felt the most strongly that the organization was not handling the crisis well. Examples of relevant questions from the survey include: “I don’t like much of what the NRA did after the shooting” and “The NRA’s actions after this shooting were harmful to me personally.”
“Our findings suggest that in-group members, while supportive of the organization, are even more critical than out-group members,” Cheng says. “That was not what we were anticipating, based on traditional social identity research.”
On the other hand, Cheng notes that political partisanship did make a difference, with Democrats and Republicans taking clearly delineated stances toward the NRA.
“The finding raises some questions about how non-profit organizations need to think about crisis communications, at least in the context of gun control issues,” Cheng says. “It also highlights the need for more issue-specific research, since there can clearly be significant deviations from what you would anticipate if you were looking only at the available literature.”
Source: NC State
