A drug made from a natural compound used in traditional Chinese medicine works against malignant brain tumors in mice, a new study shows.
The findings offer a promising avenue of research for glioblastoma treatment.
In the study, published in Cell Reports Medicine, the researchers showed how a formulation of the compound, called indirubin, improved the survival of mice with malignant brain tumors. They also tested a new formulation that was easier to administer, taking the potential pharmaceutical approach one step closer to clinical trials with human participants.
“The interesting thing about this drug is that it targets a number of important hallmarks of the disease,” says lead author Sean Lawler, an associate professor of pathology and laboratory medicine at Brown University.
“That’s appealing because this type of cancer keeps finding ways around individual mechanisms of attack. So if we use multiple mechanisms of attack at once, perhaps that will be more successful.”
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive type of brain cancer. The standard of care is chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, which may improve symptoms but doesn’t cure or stop the cancer.
Indirubin is a natural product present in indigo plants and a constituent of the traditional Chinese medicine Dang Gui Long Hui Wan, which has been used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, according to the researchers.
Derivatives of the indirubin have shown potential for the treatment of cancer through a range of mechanisms. Research published 10 years ago by Lawler and others showed that indirubin slowed the growth of glioblastoma tumors in mice.
However, Lawler says, the researchers weren’t able to explain why. What’s more, the modified drug wasn’t very easy to work with, making it challenging for scientists to test dosage levels or efficiently deliver it to the tumor.
As the scientists continued to research the compound, they were contacted by the Massachusetts-based biomedical company Phosphorex, which develops technology to improve pharmaceutical formulations. Phosphorex had patented a formulation of indirubin, called 6′-bromoindirubin acetoxime (BiA), which made the compound easier to use as an injectable cancer treatment.
The researchers tested the nanoparticle formulation of BiA on glioblastoma tumors in mice, focusing on how the drug would affect the immune system.
Not only did BiA slow the growth and proliferation of tumor cells (confirming the results of previous studies), but it also improved survival via effects on important immunotherapeutic targets.
“The drug impacted the immune system in these mouse experiments in a way that we think could enhance clinical immunotherapy in humans,” explains Lawler, whose lab therapeutic approaches for the treatment of brain cancer.
With a grant from the National Cancer Institute, the researchers will continue to test the drug to see how it interacts with chemotherapy and radiation, with the aim of developing clinical trials for participants with glioblastoma.
While scientists have been studying glioblastoma for decades, Lawler says that there haven’t been many significant therapeutic breakthroughs, until now.
“Over the past 20 years or so, there haven’t been many findings of note that have really impacted survival in a meaningful way, so we are very eagerly looking for new approaches,” Lawler says. “This research offers a new approach, and that’s why we’re so excited about it.”
Additional coauthors are from Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Phosphorex, Inc./Cytodigm, Inc.; and Brown.
The National Cancer Institute and the National Science Foundation supported the work.
Source: Brown University
