City governments that tweet less-frequent, but more focused, messages tend to have higher engagement with the citizens who follow their accounts, researchers report.
In a study, researchers found that the more municipalities tweeted messages, the less likely that their followers would react to the message, also referred to as engagement, according to Jeffrey Stone, assistant professor of information sciences and technology at Penn State Lehigh Valley and an affiliate of the Institute for Computational and Data Sciences.
“What this study suggests is that the most active Twitter accounts are not the most engaging,” says Stone.
He adds that engagement for this study meant the popularity and virality of the tweets. Popularity of the tweets looked at how often followers liked the tweets, and virality examined how often the followers retweeted the tweet.
Stone says that municipalities that were most active on Twitter were more likely to tweet health-related messages. In the case of municipalities using Twitter to communicate those health messages, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, Stone says that social media handlers should resist the urge to over-communicate, but instead rely on a disciplined messaging strategy.
“If you tweet too much, it tends to be— at least in my opinion—’white noise,'” says Stone. “In terms of what we see in this data, you want to alter your messaging strategy so that you have more focused, more credible, and more direct messages.”
The researchers say that health-related tweets typically are meant to draw attention to public concerns, which may increase the relevance to the citizen. Stone says the study results suggest that municipal tweets that appeal to group affiliation and common, personal motivations (e.g. health) were more likely to be engaging.
Several linguistic factors also seemed connected to an increase in engagement, according to the researchers.
They found that tweets that featured emotional elements, such as feelings of anxiety, anger, and faith, tended to increase engagement. However, Stone cautioned, emotional elements in a tweet did not necessarily mean that the sender of the tweet was emotional—rather it suggests that these messages themselves drew attention because they contained provocative wording, or references to addressing violence, or alerting citizens to potentially violent situations.
“You have to be careful when you say ‘angry’ because, for example, a town government may tweet about a workshop on domestic violence, which doesn’t mean the government officials are angry,” says Stone. “It could mean, for example, that they’re looking to address domestic violence, or that they are tweeting about a memorial service for victims of violence.”
Likewise, rather than expressing a specific spiritual opinion, municipality tweets on faith were more likely to contain references to a broad range of meetings or services at the community’s places of worship.
To conduct the study, the researchers obtained primary Twitter account names—or handles—from 100 of the largest US cities, based on the United States Census Bureau’s 2017 population estimates. One city did not have a Twitter account and another city failed to tweet in a month, so the researchers omitted those two cites and added the next two most populous cities. Six mayoral accounts were removed, resulting in a final set of 94 cities.
These cities had a total population of 57,392,361, or 17.55% of the US population based on US Census Bureau estimates at the end of 2017.
A software program extracted the tweets from the Twitter application that allows public access, or API. The tweets covered a 91-day period between September 1 to November 30, 2019. A textual software program was used to examine the tweets’ linguistic properties.
According to the researchers, future research might look at examining a larger dataset to make sure these results apply, in general, to other municipalities.
“We would love to get some data and a longer period of data to dig into this a little deeper,” says Stone.
“We would also like to differentiate these tweets by engagement to investigate what types of tweets are more engaging—are they informational tweets, are they tweets about events, are they tweets about health concerns?”
The findings appear in Government Information Quarterly.
Source: Penn State
