Children and adolescents detained in the youth justice system experience poor health across a range of complex physical and mental health disorders, according to a new study.
As reported in The Lancet Public Health, researchers examined the health of detained adolescents from 245 peer-reviewed journal articles and review publications. They found that detained adolescents have a significantly higher prevalence of mental health disorders and suicidal behaviors than their peers in the community, along with substance use disorders, neurodevelopment disabilities, and sexually transmitted infections.
In a concurrent paper in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, researchers examined the ways poor health and poverty drive children into youth justice systems.
Researchers found that learning disabilities, poor mental health, and experiences of trauma and adversity in childhood can increase the risk that a young person will enter the criminal justice system. Societal factors including inequality and disadvantage can further amplify the risk.
The research highlights the need for a whole-of-system approach to addressing health and social inequalities in childhood and adolescence, says Nathan Hughes, professor of adolescent health and justice at the University of Sheffield.
“Research shows that it is our most disadvantaged and unwell young people who end up in the youth justice system,” Hughes says. “Their health and welfare needs are complex, and many detained adolescents have multiple, co-occurring health issues that are compounded by communication difficulties, risky substance use, and trauma.”
To reduce the rates of reoffending and improve health outcomes for vulnerable adolescents and the community, appropriate evidence-based treatment during and after detention must also be provided, says Stuart Kinner, head of the Justice Health Unit at the University of Melbourne.
“Investment in coordinated health, education, family, and welfare services for our most disadvantaged young people must be a priority, both to keep them out of the youth justice system, and to ensure that their health and social needs are met if they do end up in detention,” Kinner says.
“We need to recognize that these vulnerable young people typically spend only a short time in detention, before returning to the disadvantaged communities from which they have come.
“If we can screen for health and developmental difficulties while adolescents are in the justice system, we can identify unmet needs—often for the first time—and tailor evidence-based support to improve health outcomes and reduce reoffending once they return to the community. However, to make these improvements a reality we need greater investment in transitional programs and public health services.”
Source: University of Melbourne
