Working memory isn’t as efficient when using a treadmill workstation as when sitting or standing, according to a small study.
Other types of thinking, such as switching tasks and checking immediate impulses (also called inhibition), however, are the same whether sitting or standing.
Researchers assessed response time and accuracy of three components of executive function during sitting, standing, and walking at two different speeds. The results show that only working memory was slightly negatively impacted when walking, but inhibition and task shifting didn’t vary across the workstations.
“We think treadmill work desks are a feasible solution to promote employee health by reducing sedentariness during the work day,” says lead author Zhanjia Zhang, a doctoral student in the lab of Weiyun Chen, associate professor of kinesiology at the University of Michigan.
“We’re not saying that employees should use a treadmill desk all of the time, but that employees should choose the right type of task so walking won’t impair efficiency,” Zhang says.
If treadmill desks were widely adopted in the workplace, they could have a positive impact on weight loss.
Roughly 46 percent of people spend most of the workday sitting, and studies have shown that walking 1 mph burns well over twice as many calories as sitting for the same time period–191 calories versus 72 calories per hour, respectively.
A person must cut 3,500 calories to lose one pound, so if treadmill desks were widely adopted in the workplace, they could have a positive impact on weight loss. Obesity is a major public health problem in the US, with roughly two-thirds of adults and one-third of children either overweight or obese.
In the study, 24 participants completed the different cognitive tests while sitting, standing, and walking at a self-imposed pace of roughly 1.4 mph and a faster pace of 2.1 mph. Working memory was slightly impaired during the test where participants had to recall numbers they’d just been shown in a series.
The biggest difference between the new study and other treadmill desk research is that this study compared different measures of executive functions and used two different walking speeds.
Zhang says if a treadmill desk feels too unstable, a standing desk is also a better option than sitting, and burns more calories because people tend to fidget. Unlike standing desks, employers haven’t widely adopted treadmill desks because they’re expensive and often loud, he says.
The study appears in PLOS ONE. The two main limitations of the study are its small sample size and lack of long-term data.
Additional authors are from Tsinghua University in Beijing.
Source: University of Michigan
